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Mục lục
Các bước[sửa]
Lên Kế hoạch cho Chuyến đi[sửa]
-
Đi
bộ
đường
dài
trong
ngày
trước,
sau
đó
là
qua
đêm.
Trước
khi
bắt
đầu
một
chuyến
đi
dài
ngày,
hãy
thử
đi
bộ
đường
dài
một
vài
ngày
qua
nhiều
điều
kiện
địa
hình
và
thời
tiết
để
tìm
ra
thứ
phù
hợp
với
bạn.
Đảm
bảo
rằng
bạn
bạn
thích
thú
với
việc
khám
phá
trong
rừng
trước
khi
để
bản
thân
giữa
con
đường
nhỏ
dài
23km
trong
rừng
rậm
hoang
vu.
- Thử đi bộ đường dài mà không mang theo dụng cụ, ngoại trừ nước, đồ ăn nhẹ, bản đồ khu vực và một đôi giày thích hợp. Đi bộ 2 hoặc 3km cùng với một vài người bạn và chơi vui vẻ.
- If you like that, try going on a longer hike, for several miles of somewhat rougher terrain. If you like that, take your bag with you and see how you enjoy it. Gradually build up to a series trip. Nếu bạn thích, thử đi bộ dài hơn, vài kilomet trên địa hình khó khăn hơn. Nếu bạn thích, xách ba lô lên và xem bạn sẽ tận hưởng nó như thế nào. Dần dần
-
Pick
a
general
destination
for
your
backpacking
trip.
Are
you
interested
in
the
mountains?
The
grasslands?
The
great
lakes?
Depending
on
where
you
live,
the
backcountry
may
be
close
by,
or
you
may
want
to
venture
out
farther
for
a
serious
hiking
experience.
In
most
areas,
you
shouldn’t
need
to
travel
more
than
a
half
a
day
by
car
to
find
a
good
National
or
State
Park
in
which
you
can
hike
and
camp.
- Pick an appropriate time of year for that destination, as well. Some destinations are very crowded at certain times of year, or around holidays, while others are inappropriate for backpacking at certain times of the year. It'd be bad to head out to the desert in the middle of the summer if you're a first-timer.[1]
- It's also usually good to avoid areas with bears during bear-heavy seasons, which will vary from region to region.
-
Pick
a
specific
park
or
wilderness
area.
Want
to
hike
the
Cumberland
Gap?
Explore
Yosemite?
Pitch
a
tent
in
the
Grand
Tetons?
Once
you’ve
settled
on
a
particular
region
of
the
country
you’d
like
to
explore,
pick
an
area
that’s
appropriate
for
backcountry
camping.
Within
the
US,
here
are
some
of
the
best
destinations
for
serious
camping:
- Yosemite National Park, CA
- Joshua Tree, CA
- Denali National Park, AK
- White Mountain National Forest, NH
- Olympic National Park, WA
- Zion National Park, UT
- Glacier National Park, MT
- Big Bend National Park, TX
-
Plan
your
route
through
the
area.
Different
wilderness
areas
and
parks
will
have
a
variety
of
options
available
to
backcountry
hikers,
so
consult
park
maps
of
the
area
to
find
the
specific
trails,
or
find
some
online
by
checking
out
the
National
Parks
website.[2]
Typically,
long
hikes
come
in
three
styles,
which
you
can
pick
based
on
the
difficulty,
the
type
of
terrain,
and
the
sights
that
you
may
want
to
see
at
your
destination.
The
three
basic
types
of
backcountry
hikes
include:
- Loop hikes, which follow a long circle that will allow you to end up back where you started.
- Out and back hikes, during which you'll hike to a specific destination and then retrace your steps backward.
- End to end hikes usually require leaving a car at both ends, or arranging pick-up at your eventual destination. This is only typically done for very long hikes that go through multiple areas.
-
Be
fairly
conservative
with
your
routes
and
schedule
on
your
first
trips.
While
you
might
want
to
jump
right
in
and
do
something
difficult,
you'll
need
to
consider
the
terrain,
weather,
and
the
experience
and
conditioning
of
your
group
when
planning
how
many
miles
you
will
travel
each
day.
Most
trails
are
rated
for
difficulty,
so
you'll
usually
want
to
stick
with
anything
at
a
level
1
or
2
for
your
first
several
hikes.
They'll
be
challenging
enough.
- Novices and weekend warriors should plan on hiking no more than Bản mẫu:Convert per day of a given hike. In relatively tough terrain, that'll be more than enough.
- Experienced hikers in good shape can sometimes do Bản mẫu:Convert per day, depending on terrain, but it's usually best to not push it.
-
Check
to
see
if
your
destination
requires
permits
or
other
advance
preparation.
If
you’re
camping
on
public
land,
there
will
typically
be
a
small
fee
associated
with
coming
into
the
park
itself,
and
another
fee
associated
with
camping.
They’re
usually
pretty
small,
and
you
can
get
away
with
no
more
than
$15
dollars
or
so
a
night,
depending
on
the
season.
- At most parks, you’ll have to display a permit on your car while you hike, and something on your tent, or bag, as well. The local regulations will be explained to you when you check in to the ranger’s office upon your arrival.
- Most National Parks and other public lands will also have guidelines specific to their environments, at the time of year you’re camping. For example, Yosemite National Park requires the use of bear-proof canisters for food.
-
Find
out
local
fire
regulations.
Campfires
are
great,
so
long
as
they’re
legal.
Many
areas
prohibit
fires
during
dry
periods.
At
other
times,
they
may
only
be
allowed
in
specific
locations,
typically
fire
rings
located
at
campsites.
In
some
places
a
separate
campfire
permit
is
required
to
use
a
backcountry
cooking
stove.
- Never, ever, leave a fire unattended. Do not light a fire unless you have enough water available to extinguish it thoroughly. As a precaution, clear a 15-foot (~5m) circular area around your fire, to prevent the wind from igniting any materials outside of your fire pit.
Packing for a Hike[sửa]
-
Get
a
sturdy
backpack
that
fits
your
frame.
Backpacking
backpacks,
or
rucksacks,
need
to
be
sturdy
enough
to
carry
a
significant
amount
of
weight,
but
light
enough
so
that
you
won't
be
in
serious
pain
at
the
end
of
a
long
hike.
Look
for
a
bag
with
an
internal
frame,
chest
straps,
and
a
waist-band
to
help
secure
the
bag
on
your
body
properly.
- Backpacking bags are sold at most sporting goods stores, and are matched to your body size and height. It's a good idea to go be fitted for one, to make sure it fits you properly.
- Your backpack should have enough space for some food and water, a first aid kit, rain gear, sun gear, flashlight or headlamp and batteries, a tent and sleeping bag, even though you might not need all that for a group hike.
-
Wear
sensible
hiking
boots.
Hiking
isn't
hiking
without
the
proper
footwear.
If
you're
going
to
be
walking
many
miles,
you
want
to
make
sure
you're
in
shoes
that
will
stand
up
to
the
stress.
The
best
bet?
Get
a
pair
of
waterproof
boots
with
enough
support
and
strength
to
get
you
through
the
trip.
- Never go out for a multi-day trip with nothing but sandals, or a flimsy pair of sneakers. Sometimes, tennis shoes can be great, lightweight, and perfect for hiking in some environments, but you want to make sure you've got something sturdy enough for the terrain you'll encounter.
-
Bring
layers.
Dressing
in
layers
allows
you
to
be
comfortable
in
many
different
weather
conditions.
Even
though
it
might
be
warm
when
you
hit
the
trailhead
doesn’t
mean
that
the
weather
will
remain
the
same
throughout
the
day.
- Mountains are notorious for volatile and quick-changing weather systems. Even if it is 90 degrees when you head out, pack a light bag with rain gear, or at least a coat. You also need a hat, gloves, sock liners and socks, underwear, lightweight pants and shorts and good sturdy hiking boots.[3]
- Try to bring synthetic, wool, or down fabrics, which will keep you warm and dry quickly, instead of cotton.
- Bring plenty of socks. You'll be walking a lot, and it's important to keep your feet clean and dry on the trip.
-
Pack
plenty
of
light-weight,
high-calorie
food
for
everyone.
Hiking
in
the
backcountry
usually
isn't
the
time
for
s'mores
and
bacon.
If
you're
traveling
light,
you
want
to
choose
food
like
reconstituted
soups
and
stews
that
are
made
with
water,
or
commercially
packaged
freeze-dried
food.
You
can
also
learn
to
dehydrate
your
own.
Pasta
is
also
a
commonly
eaten
hiking
food.
- It can be helpful for everyone to be responsible for their own snacks but to have a communal dinner. Bring high-calorie and high-protein snacks, like nuts and dried fruit, which can help to fuel you and get you moving. Good ol' raisins and peanuts.[4]
-
Pack
as
a
group,
not
as
individuals.
Everyone
should
bring
their
own
sleeping
bag,
and
there
should
be
enough
tent
space
for
everyone
present.
That
much
is
obvious.
But
you
don't
want
to
end
up
in
the
backcountry
with
three
people
and
four
tents,
or
five
camp
stoves
and
only
one
canister
of
fuel
between
the
three
of
you.
Pack
smart.
Compare
gear
with
your
group
and
share
the
essential
equipment
that
you'll
all
be
using,
and
space
it
out
among
your
packs.
-
Bring
at
least
one:
- Water filter
- Camp stove
- Cooking pot or pan
-
Consider
duplicating
essential
items,
like:
- First aid kit
- Compass
- Copy of the map
- Lighter or matches
- Flashlight
-
Bring
at
least
one:
-
Check
your
equipment
inventory.
It's
important
to
make
sure
all
gear
is
in
working
order.
Give
yourself
time
to
test
equipment
and
replace/repair
anything
that
is
not
working
properly.
Remember,
if
an
item
breaks,
you
will
still
need
to
haul
it
back.
- Clean out your tent, if you haven't since the last time you used it. It's important to get rid of any debris and especially food particles that might remain in the tent, if you've not used it in a while. Set it up and let it air out before you pack it again.
- Always get new lighters, new camp fuel, and check the batteries of any flashlights or other items that can fail in the wilderness and leave you struggling.
- Pack a whistle and a mirror. Every backcountry camper needs to have in their bag a whistle and a mirror in the event of an emergency. If a hiker becomes separated from the group, the whistle can be used to help find the separated camper. If the event of a more serious emergency, mirrors can be used to signal rescue teams, by reflecting sunlight. Small stuff that can be a life-saver.
-
Bring
maps
of
the
area.
Having
a
detailed
map
of
the
area
you'll
be
hiking
is
critical
to
a
good
and
safe
hike.
Park
maps
are
typically
available
at
trail
heads,
as
well
as
at
the
Visitor's
Center
of
most
areas,
or
you
can
find
your
own
topographical
maps
at
sporting
goods
stores.
- National and State Park maps are typically low resolution, which can be fine for day hikes, but British Ordnance Survey or USGS (US Geologic Survey) have elevation contours and are more accurate and reliable in an emergency, provided you know how to read them. These maps are available at most sporting good stores in the area that you'll hike.
- Carry a compass and know how to read it and use it with your map.
- You can use some software programs to print your copy on waterproof paper if you cannot access any of the ready printed ones. A GPS device can pinpoint your location, but you should still carry a map and compass.
-
Balance
your
pack
properly.
Your
backpack
might
feel
ok
now,
but
you'll
start
to
notice
that
it's
unbalanced
after
a
few
miles
and
get
a
serious
strain
on
one
shoulder.
It's
important
to
try
to
space
out
the
heavy
items
in
your
bag
and
keep
things
relatively
balanced
from
side-to-side,
and
from
top-to-bottom.[5]
- Put the heaviest things toward your back, and low in the bag to help keep you on balance. In general, you want to start packing with the bulkiest and the heaviest items, then stuff extra space with things like clothes and other gear.
- Read this article for more information about packing your backpack properly.
Planning for Safety[sửa]
-
Familiarize
yourself
with
local
hazards.
Before
you
set
out,
you
need
to
be
aware
of
the
unique
dangers
that
the
area
poses
to
hikers.
Is
there
poison
oak
to
watch
out
for?
Rattlesnakes?
Bears?
Is
it
wasp
season?
What
do
you
do
if
you're
stung?
- Lightening preparedness is a critical part of hiker safety. Learn to identify and find the appropriate shelter in the event of a lightning storm.
- If you are going about 6,000 feet know how to recognized acute mountain sickness and how to manage it.
- Make sure you know basic first aid for things like cuts, scraps, and broken bones.
-
Always
go
with
a
group.
Backcountry
hiking
needs
to
happen
in
a
group,
unless
you're
a
very
experienced
hiker.
Aim
for
a
small
group
of
like-minded
friends,
between
2-5
people
for
a
safe
hiking
trip
your
first
time
out.
Ideally,
you'll
want
to
have
an
experienced
hiker
who
is
familiar
with
the
area
you're
hiking.
- If you are experienced, you have the opportunity to introduce a newcomer to the wonders of backpacking. If you have never been backpacking, you might want to consider going on your first trip with an experienced hiker.
- It's best if your camping partners are somewhat compatible in terms of hiking speed, distance they are willing to hike, and camping style. Some people like to travel lightly and hike long distances. Others prefer just getting out of sight of the car.
- If you travel solo make sure someone knows your plans and that you have the equipment and skills to be self-sufficient.
-
Carry
more
than
enough
water
to
get
you
from
one
source
to
the
next.
Water
is
heavy,
but
critical
on
a
hiking
trip.
You
need
to
bring
enough
water
so
that
everyone
has
at
least
2
liters
of
clean
water
to
drink
each
day,
especially
if
you're
working
hard
and
sweating
on
your
hike.
- If you are using a water filter, bring replacement parts, including replacement filters. They often clog with sediment, or just plain break.
- Boiling water for at least one minute is an effective backup method, in an emergency.[6]
-
Check
in
with
someone
before
you
leave.
Leave
a
detailed
itinerary
with
someone
who
is
not
going
on
the
trip,
including
your
route,
inventory,
areas
you
plan
to
stay.
It's
important
that
someone
knows
when
you
expect
to
return,
so
they
can
check
in
if
you're
late.
Be
sure
to
contact
them
after
you
have
safely
returned.
- Leave a note on your car, at least. This can be very helpful in the event that you don't show back up to the car on time.
- Check in at the ranger station or the Visitor's Center before you go camping. This is an easy way to let people know how long you're going to be in the area.
- Pace yourselves. An average hiking pace is 2-3 miles per hour. Don't get overambitious. Shoot for less, rather than more, so you can take time to enjoy the sights. Determine the approximate area where you will camp each night ahead of time. Try to plan your trip so that you camp close to a reliable water source each night.
-
Don't
keep
food
in
your
tent.
All
of
your
food
needs
to
be
secured
from
bears,
and
kept
separate
from
your
tent,
if
you're
going
to
be
hiking
in
the
backcountry.
Even
if
bears
aren't
regularly
found
in
the
area
you're
hiking,
it's
important
to
protect
yourself
from
all
sorts
of
curious
animals,
who
might
want
to
sneak
a
bite.
- If you will be visiting an area with bears, bring a bag and rope to hang your food from a tree, or use an Ursack or bear canister, depending on local regulations.
- Follow the same precautions with anything scented, including hair products, shampoo, lotions, toothpaste, and gum.
- Always use the same bag for storing and hanging food and scented items, from campout to campout.
Lời khuyên[sửa]
- Check National Forests and Parks in the area for seasonal camping times, and required/prohibited items.
- Check the USGS web site and get the Angle of Declination and know how to set your compass for that and how to read your map once set.
- There are a lot of on-line resources for destinations, trails, and equipment lists, some of which are listed below.
- If you are traveling abroad, know what items are prohibited to carry-on and check during flights. Although you might need a camp stove, you cannot pack fuel with you; buy the fuel at your destination.
- Keep a multi-tool with you, it comes in handy.
- Learn primitive fire if you're going deep woods camping.
- Pack heavier things in the center of your pack instead of the bottom.
Cảnh báo[sửa]
- Check for signs of wild animals such as prints or scat. If fresh scat is in the area where you plan to camp, you may want to rethink your campsite.
- Backpacking may be a lot of work, but it is awesome once you do it.
- You should wear clothing made of materials that keep you warm even when wet, such as wool and fleece (especially in, but not limited to, cold environments). Avoid cotton. If you become stuck in wet weather, this may be the factor that saves your life.
- Choose your campsite carefully. Look overhead for dead branches that might fall on your tent. Check the ground for evidence of prior flooding. If thunderstorms are in the forecast, avoid exposed ridges.
Related wikiHows[sửa]
- Prepare Backpacking Food
- Travel Light With Scuba Gear
- Set up a Duty Roster for a Camping Trip
- Choose a Tent
- Clean Dishes on a Camping Trip
- Make Waterproof Matches
- Pack for a Backpacking Trip
- Prepare for a Backpacking Trip Into the Wilderness
- Get Rid of Poison Ivy Plants
- Find Your Way in Deep Forest
- Plan a Camping Trip
- Plan a Group Expedition
Nguồn và Trích dẫn[sửa]
- ↑ http://www.backpacker.com/skills/beginner/backpacking-101/
- ↑ http://www.nationalparks.org/explore-parks/find-park
- ↑ http://www.wildbackpacker.com/backpacking-gear/backpacks/how-to-pack-a-backpack/
- ↑ http://www.backpacking.net/gearpack-tips.html
- ↑ http://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/loading-backpack.html
- ↑ http://traveltips.usatoday.com/long-boil-water-purification-62933.html