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Pipe syntax

Although HTML table syntax also works, special wikicode can be used to create a table, as follows:

• The entire table begins with a line "{| optional table parameters " and ends with the line "|}".
• An optional table caption is included with a line "|+ caption " after "{|".
• The code for a table row consists of the line "|- optional table parameters ", and, starting on a new line, the codes for the cells in the row, separated by newline or "|"
• Table data are the codes for the cells; cell code is of the form "| value " or "| cell parameters | value "
• a row of column headings is identified by using "!" instead of "|", except for the separator between a cell parameter and a value; the difference with a normal row depends on the browser, column headings are often rendered in a bold font.
• the first cell of a row is identified as row heading by starting the line with "!" instead of "|", and starting subsequent data cells on a new line.

The table parameters and cell parameters are the same as in HTML, see [1] and HTML element#Tables. However, the thead, tbody, tfoot, colgroup, and col elements are currently not supported in MediaWiki.

A table can be useful even if none of the cells have content, notably because with the use of background colors of cells the table can be a diagram, see e.g. m:Template talk:Square 8x8 pentomino example. An "image" in the form of a table is much more convenient to edit than an uploaded image.

Each row must have the same number of cells as the other rows, so that the number of columns in the table remains consistent (unless there are cells which span several columns or rows, see colspan and rowspan in Mélange example below). For empty cells, use the non-breaking space   as content to ensure that the cells are displayed.

Examples

Simple example

{| 
| Cell 1, row 1 
| Cell 2, row 1 
|- 
| Cell 1, row 2 
| Cell 2, row 2 
|}

and

{| 
| Cell 1, row 1 || Cell 2, row 1 
|- 
| Cell 1, row 2 || Cell 2, row 2 
|}

both generate

Cell 1, row 1	Cell 2, row 1
Cell 1, row 2	Cell 2, row 2

Multiplication table

Source code

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

Appearance

Multiplication table

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

Color; scope of parameters

Two ways of specifying color of text and background for a single cell are as follows:

{| 
| bgcolor=red | <font color=white> abc
| def
| style="background:red; color:white" | ghi
| jkl
|}

gives

abc

def

ghi

jkl

As shown "font" works for one cell only, even without end tag: the end tag is produced by the system.

Like other parameters, colors can also be specified for a whole row or the whole table; parameters for a row override the value for the table, and those for a cell override those for a row:

{| style="background:yellow; color:green"
|- 
| abc
| def
| ghi
|- style="background:red; color:white"
| jkl
| mno
| pqr
|-
| stu
| style="background:silver" | vwx
| yz
|}

gives

abc	def	ghi
jkl	mno	pqr
stu	vwx	yz

The HTML 4.01 specification defines sixteen named colors, here shown with hexadecimal values:

black	#000000		silver	#c0c0c0		maroon	#800000		red	#ff0000
navy	#000080		blue	#0000ff		purple	#800080		fuchsia	#ff00ff
green	#008000		lime	#00ff00		olive	#808000		yellow	#ffff00
teal	#008080		aqua	#00ffff		gray	#808080		white	#ffffff

See w:en:web colors.

Width, height

The width and height of the whole table can be specified, as well as the height of a row. To specify the width of a column one can specify the width of an arbitrary cell in it. If the width is not specified for all columns, and/or the height is not specified for all rows, then there is some ambiguity, and the result depends on the browser.

{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
|- 
| abc
| def
| ghi
|- style="height:100px" 
| jkl
| style="width:200px" |mno
| pqr
|-
| stu
| vwx
| yz
|}

gives

abc	def	ghi
jkl	mno	pqr
stu	vwx	yz

Positioning

One can position the table itself, and all contents in a row, and contents in a cell, but not with a single parameter all contents in the table, see m:Template talk:Table demo. Do not, under any circumstances, use "float" to position a table. It will break page rendering at large font sizes.

Mélange

Here's a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. You can play with these settings in your own table to see what effect they have. Not all of these techniques may be appropriate in all cases; just because you can add colored backgrounds, for example, doesn't mean it's always a good idea. Try to keep the markup in your tables relatively simple -- remember, other people are going to be editing the article too! This example should give you an idea of what is possible, though.

Source code

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|+'''An example table'''
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | First header
! colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;" | Second header
|-
| upper left
|  
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" valign="top" |
right side
|-
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | lower left
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | lower middle
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" |
{| border="0"
|+''A table in a table''
|-
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:wiki.png]]
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:wiki.png]]
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid red; border-right:1px
          solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; border-left:1px solid red;" |
Two Wikipedia logos
|}
|}

Appearance

An example table

First header	Second header
upper left		right side
lower left	lower middle
A table in a table Tập tin:Wiki.png Tập tin:Wiki.png Two Wikipedia logos

Advanced example

{| align=right border=1
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan=2| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

Col 1, row 1	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 1
Col 1, row 2		Col 3, row 2

Note the floating table to the right.

Nested table

{| border=1
| α
| align="center" | cell2
{| border=2 style="background-color:#ABCDEF;"
| NESTED
|-
| TABLE
|}
| valign="bottom" | the original table again
|}

gives a nested table

α

cell2 NESTED TABLE

the original table again

Nested tables have to start on a new line.

Combined use of COLSPAN and ROWSPAN

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! Column 1 || Column 2 || Column 3
|-
| rowspan=2| A
| colspan=2 align="center"| B
|-
| C
| D
|-
| E
| colspan=2 align="center"| F
|- 
| rowspan=3| G
| H
| I
|- 
| J
| K
|-
| colspan=2 align="center"| L
|}

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
A	B
	C	D
E	F
G	H	I
	J	K
	L

Other table syntax

Other types of table syntax that MediaWiki supports:

1. XHTML
2. HTML and wiki <td> syntax

All three are supported by MediaWiki and create (currently) valid HTML output, but the pipe syntax is the simplest, except perhaps for people who are already familiar with HTML. Also, HTML and wiki <td> syntax will not necessarily remain browser-supported in the upcoming future, especially on handheld internet-accessible devices.

See also HTML element#Tables. Note however that the thead, tbody, tfoot, colgroup, and col elements are currently not supported in MediaWiki.

Comparison

Comparison of table syntax

	XHTML	HTML & Wiki-td	Wiki-pipe
Table	<table></table>	<table></table>	{| params |}
Caption	<caption></caption>	<caption></caption>	|+ caption
Row	<tr></tr>	<tr>	|- params
Data cell	<td>cell1</td> <td>cell2</td>	<td>cell1 <td>cell2	| cell1 | cell2
Data cell	<td>cell1</td> <td>cell2</td> <td>cell3</td>	<td>cell1 <td>cell2 <td>cell3	|cell1||cell2||cell3
Header cell	<th></th>	<th>	! heading
Sample table	1 2 3 4
	<table> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> </tr> </table>	<table> <tr> <td> 1 <td> 2 <tr> <td> 3 <td> 4 </table>	{| | 1 || 2 |- | 3 || 4 |}
Sample table	1 2 3 4 5 6
	<table> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> </tr> </table>	<table> <tr> <td> 1 <td> 2 <tr> <td> 3 <td> 4 <tr> <td> 5 <td> 6 </table>	{| | 1 || 2 |- | 3 || 4 |- | 5 || 6 |}
Pros	Can be previewed/debugged with any XHTML editor Can be formatted for easier reading Well-known	Can be previewed/debugged with any HTML editor Can be formatted for easier reading Well-known Takes less space than XHTML	Easy to write Easy to read Takes little space
Cons	Tedious Takes a lot of space Difficult to read quickly	Confusing, especially for people with little HTML experience Poorly formed Poorly delimited Generally odd looking May not have browser support in future	Unfamiliar syntax Rigid structure Cannot be indented Text (as in HTML tags) may be easier for some people to read than series of pipes, plus signs, exclamation marks, etc.
	XHTML	HTML & Wiki-td	Wiki-pipe

Pipe syntax in terms of the HTML produced

The pipe syntax, developed by Magnus Manske, substitutes pipes (|) for HTML. There is an on-line script which converts html tables to pipe syntax tables.

The pipes must start at the beginning of a new line, except when separating parameters from content or when using || to separate cells on a single line. The parameters are optional.

Tables

A table is defined by {| ''params'' |} which equals <table ''params''>Insert non-formatted text here </table>

Careful: You must include the space between {| and params, or the first parameter gets ignored.

Rows

<tr> tags will be generated automatically for the first row. To start a new row, use

|-

which results in

<tr>

Parameters can be added like this:

|- params

which results in

<tr params>

Note:

• <tr> tags will be automatically opened at the first <td> equivalent
• <tr> tags will be automatically closed at <tr> and </table> equivalents

Cells

Cells are generated either like this:

|cell1
|cell2
|cell3

or like this:

|cell1||cell2||cell3

which both equal

<td>cell1</td><td>cell2</td><td>cell3</td>

so "||" equals "newline" + "|"

Parameters in cells can be used like this:

|params|cell1||params|cell2||params|cell3

which will result in

<td params>cell1
<td params>cell2
<td params>cell3

Headers

Functions the same way as TD, except "!" is used instead of the opening "|". "!!" can be used instead of "||". Parameters still use "|", though! Example:

!params|cell1

Captions

A <caption> tag is created by

|+ Caption

which generates

<caption>Caption</caption>

You can also use parameters:

|+ params|Caption

which will generate

<caption params>Caption</caption>

Text next to a table

(To see demonstrated effects, you may have to increase or decrease the fontsize setting of the browser; also you can vary the width of the browser window.)

You can use align=right, text after the table code appears to the left of the table.

Multiplication table 5*3

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

here begins the text immediately after 5*3 multiplication table. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Duis tellus. Donec ante dolor, iaculis nec, gravida ac, cursus in, eros. Mauris vestibulum, felis et egestas ullamcorper, purus nibh vehicula sem, eu egestas ante nisl non justo. Fusce tincidunt, lorem nec dapibus consectetuer, leo orci mollis ipsum, eget suscipit eros purus in ante. At ipsum vitae est lacinia tincidunt. Maecenas elit orci, gravida ut, molestie non, venenatis vel, lorem. Sed lacinia. Suspendisse potenti. Sed ultricies cursus lectus. In id magna sit amet nibh suscipit euismod. Integer enim. Donec sapien ante, accumsan ut, sodales commodo, auctor quis, lacus. Maecenas a elit lacinia urna posuere sodales. Curabitur pede pede, molestie id, blandit vitae, varius ac, purus. Mauris at ipsum vitae est lacinia tincidunt. Maecenas elit orci, gravida ut, molestie non, venenatis vel, lorem. Sed lacinia. Suspendisse potenti. Sed ultricies cursus lectus. In id magna sit amet nibh suscipit euismod. Integer enim. Donec sapien ante, accumsan ut, sodales commodo, auctor quis, lacus. Maecenas a elit lacinia urna posuere sodales. Curabitur pede pede, molestie id, blandit vitae, varius ac, purus.

However, do not put preformatted text there, it may overlap the table because it does not wrap. To prevent this, use <br style="clear:both;">:

Multiplication table 4*3

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12

here begins the text immediately after 4*3 multiplication table. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Duis tellus. Donec ante dolor, iaculis nec, gravida ac, cursus in, eros. Mauris vestibulum, felis et egestas ullamcorper, purus nibh vehicula sem, eu egestas ante nisl non justo. Fusce tincidunt, lorem nec dapibus consectetuer, leo orci mollis ipsum, eget suscipit eros purus in ante. now comes the cleared BR:

here it was so preformatted text will start only after the table ended

You can use align=left, table will appear at the left and the following text to the right of it (but perhaps too close):

Multiplication table 2*3

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6

here begins the text immediately after 2*3 multiplication table. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Duis tellus. Donec ante dolor, iaculis nec, gravida ac, cursus in, eros. Mauris vestibulum, felis et egestas ullamcorper, purus nibh vehicula sem, eu egestas ante nisl non justo. Fusce tincidunt, lorem nec dapibus consectetuer, leo orci mollis ipsum, eget suscipit eros purus in ante. At ipsum vitae est lacinia tincidunt. Maecenas elit orci, gravida ut, molestie non, venenatis vel, lorem. Sed lacinia. Suspendisse potenti. Sed ultricies cursus lectus. In id magna sit amet nibh suscipit euismod. Integer enim. Donec sapien ante, accumsan ut, sodales commodo, auctor quis, lacus. Maecenas a elit lacinia urna posuere sodales. Curabitur pede pede, molestie id, blandit vitae, varius ac, purus. Mauris at ipsum vitae est lacinia tincidunt. Maecenas elit orci, gravida ut, molestie non, venenatis vel, lorem. Sed lacinia. Suspendisse potenti. Sed ultricies cursus lectus. In id magna sit amet nibh suscipit euismod. Integer enim. Donec sapien ante, accumsan ut, sodales commodo, auctor quis, lacus. Maecenas a elit lacinia urna posuere sodales. Curabitur pede pede, molestie id, blandit vitae, varius ac, purus.

Bản mẫu:Clr

Space around a table, image, or text

To create space around a table, image, or text, create a 1×1 table around it, with cellpadding:

Multiplication table × 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 2 4 6

Tập tin:Gelderland-Position.png

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Duis tellus. Donec ante dolor, iaculis nec, gravida ac, cursus in, eros. Mauris vestibulum, felis et egestas ullamcorper, purus nibh vehicula sem, eu egestas ante nisl non justo. Fusce tincidunt, lorem nec dapibus consectetuer, leo orci mollis ipsum, eget suscipit eros purus in ante.

text in box

At ipsum vitae est lacinia tincidunt. Maecenas elit orci, gravida ut, molestie non, venenatis vel, lorem. Sed lacinia. Suspendisse potenti. Sed ultricies cursus lectus. In id magna sit amet nibh suscipit euismod. Integer enim. Donec sapien ante, accumsan ut, sodales commodo, auctor quis, lacus. Maecenas a elit lacinia urna posuere sodales. Curabitur pede pede, molestie id, blandit vitae, varius ac, purus. Mauris at ipsum vitae est lacinia tincidunt. Maecenas elit orci, gravida ut, molestie non, venenatis vel, lorem. Sed lacinia. Suspendisse potenti. Sed ultricies cursus lectus. In id magna sit amet nibh suscipit euismod. Integer enim. Donec sapien ante, accumsan ut, sodales commodo, auctor quis, lacus. Maecenas a elit lacinia urna posuere sodales. Curabitur pede pede, molestie id, blandit vitae, varius ac, purus. Morbi dictum. Vestibulum adipiscing pulvinar quam. In aliquam rhoncus sem. In mi erat, sodales eget, pretium interdum, malesuada ac, augue. Aliquam sollicitudin, massa ut vestibulum posuere, massa arcu elementum purus, eget vehicula lorem metus vel libero. Sed in dui id lectus commodo elementum. Etiam rhoncus tortor. Proin a lorem. Ut nec velit. Quisque varius. Proin nonummy justo dictum sapien tincidunt iaculis. Duis lobortis pellentesque risus. Aenean ut tortor imperdiet dolor scelerisque bibendum. Fusce metus nibh, adipiscing id, ullamcorper at, consequat a, nulla. Bản mẫu:Clr

Setting your column widths

If you wish to force column widths to your own requirements, rather than accepting the width of the widest text element in a column's cells, then follow this example. Note that wrap-around of text is forced.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="50"|Name
!width="225"|Effect
!width="225"|Games Found In
|-
|Pokeball
|Regular Pokeball
|All Versions
|-
|Great Ball
|Better than a Pokeball
|All Versions
|}

Name	Effect	Games Found In
Pokeball	Regular Pokeball	All Versions
Great Ball	Better than a Pokeball	All Versions

Setting parameters

At the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example width=300px| will set that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one.

Wikipedia code

{|
|-
| bgcolor=red|cell1 || width=300px bgcolor=blue|cell2 || bgcolor=green|cell3
|}

What it looks like in your browser

cell1

cell2

cell3

Decimal point alignment

A method to get columns of numbers aligned at the decimal point is as follows:

<blockquote>
{| cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0
|align=right| 432 || . || 1
|-
|align=right| 43 || . || 21
|-
|align=right| 4 || . || 321
|}
</blockquote>

gives

432	.	1
43	.	21
4	.	321

In simple cases one can dispense with the table feature and simply start the lines with a space, and put spaces to position the numbers:

432.1
 43.21
  4.321

Style templates

Some users have created templates to make table styles easier. Instead of remembering table parameters, you just include an appropriate style template after the {|. This helps keep table formatting consistent, and can allow a single change to the template to fix a problem or enhance the look of all tables that use it. For instance, this:

Multiplication table

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

becomes this:

Multiplication table

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

simply by replacing the border="1" cellpadding="2" section with {{prettytable}}, because (on this wiki) Template:Prettytable contains the following style rules:

border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;".

All of these templates should be organized/listed in a single place, like here.

Gallery

As a by-product of the image gallery feature, a table can be made with the gallery tag; if a text entry contains a link, the whole entry is ignored.

<gallery>
Drenthe
Flevoland
Friesland
Gelderland
Groningen
Limburg
North Brabant (capital: [[Den Bosch]]) 
North Holland
Overijssel
South Holland
Utrecht
Zeeland
</gallery>

gives:

• Drenthe
• Flevoland
• Friesland
• Gelderland
• Groningen
• Limburg
• North Holland
• Overijssel
• South Holland
• Utrecht
• Zeeland

See also

• m:simplified table syntax
• m:wiki markup tables
• w:en:User:Dcljr/Tables
• examples:
  • Chess board
  • Go board
  • Monopoly board
  • Square 8x8 pentomino example

External links

• HTML tables to wiki converter at cnic.org
• csv2wp - converts comma-separated values (CSV) format to pipe syntax. You may use this to import tables from Excel etc. (more information)
• HTML tables to wiki converter at wackyboy.com
• HTML tables to wiki converter at uni-bonn.de
• HTML tables to wiki converter at diberri.dyndns.org
• pywikipediabot (can convert HTML tables to wiki)

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